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Tigerair Mandala (''formerly Mandala Airlines'') was a low-cost airline headquartered in Jakarta, Indonesia and is an associate company of the Singapore-based Tigerair Group. The former full service airline repositioned itself as a budget airline/low-cost carrier (LCC) following a year-long grounding in 2011 caused by debt woes. Mandala resumed operations in April 2012 following an injection of fresh capital by Indonesian conglomerate Saratoga Investment Corp which took over 51% of the airline, with partner Tigerair taking up 33.3% and the rest by creditors. Operating together with other associates in the Tigerair Group, Tigerair Mandala shares Tigerair's sales, distribution and marketing channels to tap into Tigerair's wider network across Southeast Asia, Australia, China and India. Tigerair Mandala's fleet of new Airbus A320 aircraft (brand new aircraft originally ordered for Tigerair Singapore) fly primarily within the more populous regions of Java and Sumatra, providing domestic and regional international connections of no more than five hours. All Tigerair Mandala's aircraft are being maintained under Singapore Airlines Engineering Company (SIAEC). As one of Indonesian airlines which is not listed under EU ban, Tigerair Mandala applies one of the highest safety standard and maintenance. It plans to increase its fleet to 15 aircraft by end 2013 〔()〕 and to 25 by 2015.〔()〕 Tigerair Mandala ceased all operations on 1 July 2014, following the decision of the main shareholders to cease funding the airline.〔(Tiger Airways to Shut Down Mandala Venture Amid Restructuring )〕 On August 21, 2014, IndiGo announced that 12 of the Tigerair Holding A320 will be sold. It may be from Tigerair Mandala.〔()〕 In December 2014, PT Mandala Airlines has filed for bankruptcy at the Central Jakarta Commercial Court.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mandala Airlines files for bankruptcy )〕 == History == PT Mandala Airlines was founded on April 17, 1969. The founders were Col. Sofjar, Maj. Gen. Raden Soerjo, Adil Aljol, Maj. (Air Force) Soegandi Partosoegondo, Kasbi Indradjanoe and Darwin Ramli. The airline was owned by PT Dharma Kencana Sakti, which in turn was the commercial arm of Yayasan Dharma Putra Kostrad, a foundation linked to Kostrad, the strategic reserve command of the Indonesian army. The airline was named after ''Operation Mandala'', the military operations to incorporate West Papua into Indonesia. The name also refers to mandala, a Sanskrit term for a diagram symbolizing the universe, which is used as the logo of the corporation. In its early years Mandala Airlines operated flights between Jakarta and destinations in eastern Indonesia, such as Ambon, Gorontalo, Kendari, Makassar and Manado. In 1972 Mandala took over Seulawah Air Services (another military-owned airline), which flew to cities in western Indonesia, such as Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pekanbaru and Pontianak, giving the airline a national coverage. Under military management, Mandala Airlines kept a relatively quiet existence as a second-tier airline. In 1992, it retired the last of its aged turboprop fleet and replaced them with leased second hand jet aircraft. In 2001, it suffered a financial scandal,〔Marbun, R: "Democratization and Reform", p. 56. ''UNISCI Discussion Paper'', No. 15 (October 2007).〕 in which no less than IDR 135.5 billion (about USD 13.5 million) was stolen from the company funds by a senior Kostrad officer.〔(Gaya Bisnis Militer di Tiga Kota )〕 Despite being awarded as Indonesia's "Most Potential Brand in Airlines Service" in 2002,〔(Mandala Airlines is awarded by the PR Society of Indonesia )〕 Mandala found it hard to compete with other recently emerged Indonesian airlines. In 2005, Mandala experienced a high profile accident in Medan. At about the same time, political developments in Indonesia forced the military to divest itself of its businesses, resulting in Mandala Airlines being offered for sale. After the Indonesian government refused to take over Mandala Airlines,〔(Bisnis Militer: Pemerintah Batal Ambil Mandala )〕 Cardig International acquired the airline for IDR 300 billion (USD 34 million) in April 2006.〔(Indonesia's Cardig buys ailing Mandala Airlines )〕 Indigo Partners acquired 49% of Cardig's shares in October 2006. Within one year of its acquisition, Mandala Airlines transformed its image into a modern airline satisfying international standards of safety.〔 It adopted the low-cost carrier model, in order to compete with other low-cost airlines in Indonesia.〔(Warwick Brady: Leading a transformation at Indonesia's Mandala )〕 Mandala Airlines created a special niche among Indonesia's low-cost carriers by creating an image as a safe airline, taking advantage of the relatively young age of its fleet. Mandala has now completed the IOSA (IATA Operational Safety Audit) of the International Air Transport Association (IATA),〔(Mandala Airlines Corporate Profile )〕 and other manufacturer audits. It contracted maintenance of its aircraft to Singapore Airlines Engineering Company (SIAEC).〔(Mandala appointed SIAEC for its aircraft maintenance )〕 Its safety improvements were recognized by the European Union as Mandala was among four Indonesian airlines (the others were Garuda Indonesia, Airfast Indonesia and Premiair) officially struck from the EU airline ban list on July 14, 2009.〔(Extract from Commission Regulation of 14 July 2009 amending Regulation 474/2006 establishing the Community list of air carriers which are subject to an operating ban within the Community )〕 Mandala is listed in Category 1 by the Indonesian Civil Aviation Authority for airline safety quality.〔(Penilaian Kinerja Maskapai Penerbangan Periode X (Juni 2009) )〕 In January 2009, Mandala Airlines completed the phasing out of its older Boeing aircraft, replacing them with newer Airbuses. On April 20, 2009, Mandala moved its Jakarta operations to the new Terminal 3 of the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.〔(Mandala is moving to Terminal 3 )〕 In April 2010, Mandala Airlines announced international services to Hong Kong, Macau and Singapore. These services started on June 25, 2010.〔(Mandala Airlines Buka Empat Rute Internasional )〕 Shortly after services between Jakarta and Macau started on 21 July 2010, the airline announced that all flights between 22 to 29 August 2010 had been cancelled. Concerns were raised by some passengers that the company did not provide adequate information about the abrupt cancellations.〔(曼達拉航空取消一周航班 - Exmoo! - 在澳門．看世界 )〕 On January 13, 2011, Mandala Airlines temporarily stopped flying all of their fleet due to debt problems. In May 2011, Singapore-based Tiger Airways thru Road Aviation Pte. Ltd.〔http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/349859/tiger-airways-buys-into-mandala〕 and Saratoga Investama, an Indonesian strategic investment company owned by Edwin Soeryadjaya, Patrick Walujo and Sandiaga Uno, announced their plans in a filing to the Singapore Stock Exchange on Thursday. Tiger Airways will acquire a 33 percent stake, while the Saratoga Group will buy 51 percent of Mandala.〔(New Investors Could Return Mandala to Indonesia’s Skies | The Jakarta Globe )〕 Mandala Airlines will focus on Low Cost Carrier (LCC) market because one of the shareholders, Tiger Airways also run an LCC operation.〔(Mandala to focus on low cost carrier market: Expert | The Jakarta Post )〕 The company was reported to have asked the commercial court to delay debt recovery action against the airline.〔Indonesia's Mandala Airlines suspends flight over debt problems http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSJKB00421520110112〕 The official application for postponement of debt payments to the Commercial Court has been filed for Rp.800 billion to about 271 creditors.〔http://www.theindonesiatoday.com/transportation-headline/6719-mandala-owes-rp800-billion-to-271-creditors.html〕 At end of February 2011, the creditors had finally accepted the airline's debt settlement proposal to convert debt to equity. It was approved by 70.58 percent of total creditors from the total debt of Rp.2.4 trillion.〔http://www.theindonesiatoday.com/transportation-headline/7864-mandala-creditors-agree-debt-to-equity-conversion.html〕 After struggle with the funds, on September 24, 2011 the acquisition transaction was finally closed. Mandala would be back in the air 90 days after it, but certainly should got a new Air Operator Certificate first during it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mandala aims to fly as soon as acquisition is finally closed )〕 Two Mandala aircraft have been checked by the Transportation Ministry inspectors and Mandala Airlines have to resume service by February 15, 2012 or its AOC license would be revoked. Mandala will have 10 aircraft within one year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mandala may return to skies in mid-February )〕 Mandala resumed operations on Thursday 5 April 2012 as a partner airline of Tiger Airways, with one domestic route between its home base Jakarta and Medan, the capital of North Sumatra. This will be followed by its first international destination when it launches the Medan-Singapore route on 20 April 2012,〔http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/indonesian-airline-mandala-hopes-time-is-right-for-return/508011〕 adding a second Indonesian destination to Tiger's Singapore network after Jakarta. From May, Tiger Airways Mandala will also fly twice daily to Malaysia's capital Kuala Lumpur from Jakarta.〔http://www.tigerairways.com/news/20120327.pdf〕 Passengers holding on to Mandala tickets for flights after the company ceased operations in 2011 were offered a complimentary travel voucher redeemable through the company's new Tiger-based website. On July 3, 2013, as part of the Tiger Airways Group, Mandala Airlines announced its transformation into ‘Tigerair Mandala’ (RI) in conjunction to Tiger Airways brand refresh to Tigerair. By operating under the new brand name, the airlines also adopted a new logo. The change is also occurring to other airlines under the Tigerair Group, namely Tiger Airways to Tigerair (TR), Tiger Australia to Tigerair Australia (TT) and SEAIR to Tigerair Philippines (DG). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tigerair Mandala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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